Execute a command as another user.
Allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user, as specified in the sudoers file.

• Scudo Mac Os Versions
• Sudo Mac Os X
• Scudo Mac Os High Sierra

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• Scudo is a hybrid firewall for macOS that combines an inbound network-layer packet filter with an outbound application-layer firewall. Scudo helps protecting your Mac's network services from unwanted connections from remote computers and improves your privacy and security controlling all apps network activities, allowing you to choose which app is allowed to connect to the network.
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• Scudo is a hybrid firewall for macOS that combines an inbound network-layer packet filter with an outbound application-layer firewall.

sudo stands for 'super user do' pronounce as 'soodoo' an alternative pronounciation is 'su dough'.

By default, sudo requires that users authenticate themselves with a password (by default this is the user's password, not the root password). Once a user has been authenticated, a timestamp is updated and the user may then use sudo without a password for a short period of time (5 minutes unless overridden in sudoers).

sudo determines who is an authorized user by consulting the file /etc/sudoers. By giving sudo the -v flag a user can update the time stamp without running a command. The password prompt itself will also time out if the user's password is not entered within 0 minutes (unless overridden via sudoers).
If a user who is not listed in the sudoers file tries to run a command via sudo, mail is sent to the proper authorities, as defined at configure time or the sudoers file (defaults to root). Note that the mail will not be sent if an unauthorized user tries to run sudo with the -l or -v flags. This allows users to determine for themselves whether or not they are allowed to use sudo.
sudo can log both successful and unsuccessful attempts (as well as errors) to syslog(3), a log file, or both. By default sudo will log via syslog(3) but this is changeable at configure time or via the sudoers file.

sudo will only log the command it explicitly runs. If a user runs a command such as sudo su or sudo sh, subsequent commands run from that shell will not be logged, nor will sudo's access control affect them. The same is true for commands that offer shell escapes (including most editors). Because of this, care must be taken when giving users access to commands via sudo to verify that the command does not inadvertantly give the user an effective root shell.

Return Values

Upon successful execution of a program, the return value from sudo will be the return value of the program that was executed. Otherwise, sudo quits with an exit value of 1 if there is a configuration/permission problem or if sudo cannot execute the given command.

Environment

sudo uses the environment variables: HOME, PATH, SHELL, USER, SUDO_PROMPT, SUDO_COMMAND, SUDO_USER, SUDO_UID, SUDO_GID and SUDO_PS1.

Scudo Mac Os Versions

Files

/etc/sudoers List of who can run what
/var/run/sudo Directory containing timestamps

Examples

The following examples assume suitable sudoers(5) entries.

Get a file listing of an unreadable directory:

$ sudo ls /usr/local/protected

Run the last command as root, useful when you forget to use sudo for a command. !! grabs the last run command.

sudo !!

List the home directory of user yazza on a machine where the file system holding ~yazza is not exported as root:

$ sudo -u yazza ls ~yazza

Edit the index.html file as user JDoe:

$ sudo -u JDoe vi ~www/htdocs/index.html

Shutdown a machine:

$ sudo shutdown -r +15 'quick reboot'

Sudo Mac Os X

Make a usage listing of the directories in the /home partition. Note that this runs the commands in a sub-shell to make the cd and file redirection work:

$ sudo sh -c 'cd /home ; du -s * sort -rn > USAGE'

'If you don't like your reality change it' ~ Richard Bandler

Related macOS commands:

Scudo Mac Os High Sierra

login - log into the computer.
su - Substitute user identity.
stat(2)
sudoers(5)
passwd - Modify a user password.
visudo(8)
grep - Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern.
www.sudo.ws - Todd Miller, sudo maintainer.
Password generator